Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Các dạng bài tập nâng cao kỹ năng viết luận tiếng Anh dành cho học sinh giỏi quốc gia

 Từ những luận điểm trên, việc áp dụng các phương pháp dạy viết giúp học 
sinh thực hiện một bài viết Tiếng Anh tốt, đảm bảo chính xác về yêu cầu bài viết 
trong việc sử dụng từ vựng, ngữ pháp, tính logic, liên kết, tính sáng tạo trong bài 
viết là rất quan trọng.
Trong quá trình dạy và học chúng tôi nhận thấy: Kĩ năng viết là một trong những 
kỹ năng khó nhất trong các kĩ năng, đòi hỏi học sinh phải có vốn từ vựng, hiểu các 
cấu trúc ngữ pháp, các ý tưởng để lập dàn ý khi viết. Đặc biệt các em phải nắm 
được từng kiểu bài luận cần viết như thế nào. Kĩ năng viết giúp cho học sinh tái 
hiện lại những gì đã được học, giúp các em thực hành sử dụng ngôn ngữ một cách 
hiệu quả. Kĩ năng viết phát huy khả năng sáng tạo của học sinh, nó phản ánh kết 
quả của quá trình nghe, nói, đọc, ngữ pháp, từ vựng của học sinh, thể hiện được 
mặt mạnh, mặt yếu, đồng thời nó cũng giúp cho giáo viên dễ dàng nhận thấy lỗi 
sai của học sinh hơn là khi nói. Hoạt động viết là một khâu rất quan trọng trong 
quá trình dạy và học Tiếng Anh. Viết luận là một phần không thể thiếu đối với 
học sinh chuyên Anh nói chung và học sinh đội tuyển học sinh giỏi quốc gia nói 
riêng vì trong các đề thi IELTS, hồ sơ đăng ký du học và đặc biệt là đề thi học sinh 
giỏi Quốc gia, viết luận là phần bắt buộc và được đánh giá cao. Tuy nhiên, trong 
quá trình học các em còn lúng túng, lẫn lộn, không biết mình phải viết kiểu gì, trình 
bày bài luận ra sao, dùng những cấu trúc câu nào cho hợp lí, sắp xếp ý định viết thế 
nào, phản biện các ý kiến ở đầu bài ra sao.
 5. Mục đích của giải pháp sáng kiến:
 - Giúp học sinh biết cách vận dụng từ cấu trúc câu linh hoạt, mang tính học 
 thuật cao.
 - Giúp học sinh biết cách sử dụng các cấu trúc ở từng phần trong bài luận
 - Rèn luyện cho học sinh có tính tư duy độc lập.
 - Giúp học sinh nuôi dưỡng lòng yêu thích môn học, khắc phục tâm lí 
 sợ bài luận khi tham gia các kỳ thi học sinh giỏi các cấp.
 6. Nội dung:
 a. Thuyết minh giải pháp mới hoặc cải tiến
 2 Mức điểm có thể đạt được về sử dụng từ vựng và cấu trúc ngữ pháp 
trong bài viết luận (khung IELTS)
 9.0 Use a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated 
 control of lexical features, rare minor errors occur only as “slips”
 8.0 - Use a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to 
 convey precise meanings
 - Skillfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be 
 occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation
 Produce rare errors in spelling and/or word formation
 7.0 - Use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility 
 and precision
 - Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style 
 and collocation
 - may produce occasional errors with word choice spelling and/ or 
 word formation
 6.0 - Use an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
 - Attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
 Make some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do 
 not impede communication
 5.0 - Use a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate 
 for the task
 - May make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that
 may cause some difficulty for the reader
 4.0 - Uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetively or 
 which may be inappropriate for the task
 - Has limited control of word formation and/or spelling, errors may
 cause strain for readers
 3.0 - Uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with 
 very limited control of vocabulary formation and/or spelling
 Errors may severely distort the message
 2.0 - Uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary, essentially no 
 4 powerful communication tools have made it much faster, eaiser and cheaper to keep 
in touch with family and friends in other countries and also to do international 
business)
 In addition to this, the Internet provides us with all of the information in the 
world at work, school and home. In the past, research involved spending many 
hours in the library. Now, however, the same information is available online. Of 
course, not all of the material on the Internet is offensive and some of it is dangerous 
- there is everything from pornography to instructions on how to make bombs. 
Nevertheless, I feel that this free movement and sharing of information has 
generally been beneficial.
 To conclude, I once again restate my view that the Internet has had a positive 
influence on modern life because its effects on both communication and the flow 
of information.
 Model Answer B
 The Internet has brought significant changes to our lives in recent years. Yet, 
there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of this technology 
has been positive and negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the 
contrary. I personally believe that the benefits of the Internet far overweigh its 
drawbacks. These benefits are twofold.
 First of all, it is indisputable fact that the Internet has revolutionized the way 
we communicate. Despite the risk of social isolation - a problem occasionally seen 
in people who spend too much time at their computer terminal rather than relating 
to people in the real world most of us have benefited greatly from e-mail and 
internet chat programs like MSN Messenger. These incredibly useful and powerful 
tools of communication facilitate both contact with loved ones in faraway places 
and global trade.
Equally importantly, though, the Internet has placed the entire world (and all of the 
information) at our fingertips. In earlier times, conducting research entailed long 
hours searching library shelves. Now, however, the same information can be 
accessed at the click of a button. Admittedly, not all of the information available 
 6 On the other hand, there have been a number of positive aspects in expansion of 
fast foods in different nations. Nowadays, people are always on the go and they do 
not have enough time for a proper sit down meal, as a result fast foods are one of the 
best choices for those who are always in hurry. Furthermore, fast food industry 
opens doors to more job opportunities and it motivates governments and wealthy 
people to invest in this field which had an impressive impact on food chain in recent 
years. Moreover, Fast foods are usually cheaper than other kinds of foods such as 
steaks, pastas, fish and the like, so that could be a better choice for tourists, collage 
students and business men.
In conclusion, although there are some benefits of consuming fast foods in 
countries, the negative impact outweighs the positive ones. I believe the fast food 
consumption should be restricted and it is the only way to protect the next generation 
from debilitating diseases.
Model answer B:
Nowadays, fast foods are increasingly consumed throughout the world. This is 
creating heated debates among the people supporting and opposing this trend. To 
my way of thinking, wide-spreading of fast foods is a negative trend as it harms 
our health and traditional foods.
On one hand, eating too much fast food might provoke many health problems. For 
example, obesity and stomach- related illnesses are very common where junk food 
is over consumed. Because fast food contains rich fat and other harmful ingredients 
that destroy our healthy eating. Furthermore, because of their easy preparation and 
delicious taste more and more people prefer eating out rather than cooking home-
made meals. This is causing disappearance of culinary skills and making people 
lazy. That’s why it is considered by me as a negative aspect.
On the other hand, it risks losing traditional culinary secrets which are passing on 
from generation to generation. In the cities for instance, where fast foods are already 
popular, it is really hard to find traditional food. This example makes it clear how 
easily-prepared food is causing extinction of our valuable traditional. Therefore, 
for me, it is not good development.
In conclusion, even though fast foods are widely consuming around the world, it 
 8 industries, and harm its own image to other countries in the world.
In conclusion, the challenges presented by the booming of international tourist 
industry are numerous and complex. However, its advantages are hard to be ignored 
and we can take our step to solve the many problems one by one.
Model answer B:
International tourism has had enormous growth and become widespread than 
ever before. It is argued that this trend is positive while others condemn 
it negative. I appreciate its benefits as well as recognize its malicious 
consequences, about which this paper will discuss.
Firstly, it is an undeniable truth that tourism helps economy thrive. Every 
country has its own beautiful sites as well as historical monuments which 
attract abundance of tourists. Hence, it creates many jobs for local 
inhabitants such as vendors, retailers and service providers. Therefore, 
various subsequent commodities and services are developed as an evidence of 
prosperity. Colossal profit is generated annually owing to tourism, this 
profit is especially vital to developing countries. Secondly, tourism 
brings opportunities for a country to integrate and introduce its pride in 
culture and history. Corresponding with the world integration, this benefit 
proves essential.
But there is also the other side of the coin. Along with the tourists, 
there comes a variety of bad phenomenon. As an example, terrorism, which 
has been increasingly posing a global danger, sees it as a chance to 
threaten safety and security of people in travel hosting countries. 
Moreover, numerous smugglers and dishonest traders also use tours as a 
camouflage to perform illegal deeds more easily. In addition, playful 
activities of tourists like alcohol abuse may lead to conflict and 
violence. But overall these evil results could be prevented and regulated 
by laws and rules.
To conclude my opinion, I affirm that the tourism’s positive sides exceed 
 10 home down. For instance, the traffic rules, we can imagine how much chaos would 
be if people refuse to drive on the same side of the road. Some further instance of 
practices which may be permitted in some countries but prohibited in others are 
gambling and the procession of firearms.
Secondly and equally important, In order to soon to merge into a new community 
it is very crucial that new comers need to learn and respect the societal custom and 
culture of their adopted country. For instance, Learning native language is one of the 
key factors that enables people to communicate and interact with local inhabitants, 
and this will certainly accelerate the transition to the new country. People should 
positively think that it is not about giving up your old culture, but making the effort 
to learn something new and adapt yourselves into a new environment.
In conclusion, I restate my view is that new immigrants need to adapt and integrate 
into their new country. As it is my belief that a strong society is a harmonious 
society with shared values and goals, which eventually benefits both individuals 
and the country.
Model answer B:
These days, migration has become the major concern for many people world wide. 
More and more people tend to leave their home country migrating to a foreign one 
due to political, economical or religious reasons, and many of them suffer to adapt 
to the new environment, but should they change their ways and methods in order to 
fit in this new society? In my opinion, I disagree up to a point because of the 
following reasons:
First, moving to another country should not erase your identity because you do not 
belong to there. You should always be proud of wherever you are and pick the 
things that fit your culture and beliefs from new environment. In other words, for 
example, respecting the law, being friendly and cooperative. In addition, people 
who change their identity because of migrating to another country will not be 
respected by the people of their home.
it is very important to show the people of the where you migrated the differences 
between your and their culture and that you will not replace your opinions because 
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